Q.
A. HDL carries the excess cholesterol (LDL) away from the arteries to the liver so that these won't cause atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Low HDL then means a higher risk of heart disease.
Additional
As the for answer from the lady below - try and check out her other posts about cholesterol...
Additional
As the for answer from the lady below - try and check out her other posts about cholesterol...
where is Low density lipoprotein (LDL) & High density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesized?
Q. Could you also let me know
1. HOW and WHERE they are removed from the bloodstream and
2. Dietary and lifestyle factors that may increase or decrease the amount in the blood (please explain).
I have been researching but I didn't find much.
1. HOW and WHERE they are removed from the bloodstream and
2. Dietary and lifestyle factors that may increase or decrease the amount in the blood (please explain).
I have been researching but I didn't find much.
A. HDL cholesterol "scavenges" your bad cholesterol and helps to eliminate LDL from the body. The only nonpharmacologic way to increase your HDL is to exercise.
Ingesting more soluble fiber lowers your LDL cholesterol because soluble fiber binds bile in the GI tract and it gets eliminated. Bile is synthesized using LDL, so that's why you sometimes see advertising on the side of quaker oats that they can lower your cholesterol. I believe the recommendation is to get 20-30 g of fiber / day.
Ingesting more soluble fiber lowers your LDL cholesterol because soluble fiber binds bile in the GI tract and it gets eliminated. Bile is synthesized using LDL, so that's why you sometimes see advertising on the side of quaker oats that they can lower your cholesterol. I believe the recommendation is to get 20-30 g of fiber / day.
why would chylomicron, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein form a spherical shape?
Q. not sure if this is important:
chylomicron has 4% phospholipid, 90% triacylglycerol, 5% cholesterol, 1% protein.
low-density lipoprotein has 20% phospholipid, 10% triacylglycerol, 45% cholesterol, 25% protein.
high-density lipoprotein has 30% phospholipid, 5% triacylglycerol, 20% cholesterol, 45% protein.
chylomicron has 4% phospholipid, 90% triacylglycerol, 5% cholesterol, 1% protein.
low-density lipoprotein has 20% phospholipid, 10% triacylglycerol, 45% cholesterol, 25% protein.
high-density lipoprotein has 30% phospholipid, 5% triacylglycerol, 20% cholesterol, 45% protein.
A. Particles (and systems in general) always follow the "principal of least energy" which reduces the free energy of a system to minimum.
Phospholipids are polar compounds based upon a glycerol backbone. Two fatty acids are attached to the phospholipid at the sn-1, and sn-2 position (end and middle respectively). Both fatty acids are non-polar and hydrophobic (water-hating). The third spot is taken by a polar group at the sn-3 position (e.g. the other end) which is hydrophilic (water loving). In addition to polar amino acids and proteins, the outer side of the lipoprotein particles face the water while the hydrophobic portions point inward, where triglycerides, cholesterol and cholesterol esters are.
The hydrophilic outer portion allows lipoprotein particles to stay suspended in serum and blood. The inner lipid and sterol portion attract each other and form a stable system.
The shape that reduces free energy to a minimum is a sphere so lipoprotein particles assume that shape.
Without the phospholipids and proteins surrounding the water-insoluble portions, the lipid and sterol molecules would simply coalesce, which would result in blobs of fat accumulating in the circulatory system.
Phospholipids are polar compounds based upon a glycerol backbone. Two fatty acids are attached to the phospholipid at the sn-1, and sn-2 position (end and middle respectively). Both fatty acids are non-polar and hydrophobic (water-hating). The third spot is taken by a polar group at the sn-3 position (e.g. the other end) which is hydrophilic (water loving). In addition to polar amino acids and proteins, the outer side of the lipoprotein particles face the water while the hydrophobic portions point inward, where triglycerides, cholesterol and cholesterol esters are.
The hydrophilic outer portion allows lipoprotein particles to stay suspended in serum and blood. The inner lipid and sterol portion attract each other and form a stable system.
The shape that reduces free energy to a minimum is a sphere so lipoprotein particles assume that shape.
Without the phospholipids and proteins surrounding the water-insoluble portions, the lipid and sterol molecules would simply coalesce, which would result in blobs of fat accumulating in the circulatory system.
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